The exosphere is the uppermost layer of the
atmosphere. On
Earth, its lower boundary at the edge of the
thermosphere is estimated to be
500 km to 1000 km above the Earth's surface, and its upper boundary at about
10,000 km. It is only from the exosphere that atmospheric
gases, atoms, and molecules can, to any appreciable extent, escape into
space. The main
gases within the exosphere are the lightest gases, mainly hydrogen, with some
helium,
carbon dioxide, and
atomic oxygen near the exobase. The exosphere is the last layer before space.
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for a given minimum linewidth technology, the layers that have features at the minimum linewidth.