Crisis management is the systematic attempt to avoid organizational crises or to manage those crises events that do occur (Pearson & Clair, 1998). A crisis is a major, unpredictable event that threatens to harm an organization and its stakeholders. Although crisis events are unpredictable, they are not unexpected (Coombs, 1999). Crises can affect all segments of society – businesses, churches, educational institutions, families, non-profits and the government and are caused by a wide range of reasons. Although the definitions can very greatly, three elements are common to most definitions of crisis: (a) a threat to the organization, (b) the element of surprise, and (c) a short decision time (Seeger, Sellnow & Ulmer, 1998).
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The coordinated actions taken to defuse crises, prevent their escalation into an armed conflict and contain hostilities if they should result. 2/5/95
Mesures coordonnées prises en vue de désamorcer des crises, d'en empêcher l'escalade en un conflit armé et d'endiguer les hostilités qui pourraient en résulter. 2/5/95
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