The Constitution of India lays down the framework on which Indian polity is run. The Constitution declares India to be a sovereign socialist democratic republic, assuring its citizens of justice, equality, and liberty. It was passed by the
Constituent Assembly of India on
November 26,
1949, and came into effect on
January 26,
1950.
India celebrates
January 26 each year as
Republic Day. It is the longest written constitution of any independent nation in the world, containing 395 articles and 12 schedules, as well as numerous amendments, for a total of 117,369 words in the
English language version. Besides the English version, there is an official
Hindi translation.
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