In France, urban communities (
French: communauté urbaine) are the most integrated form of intercommunality in
France. An urban community is composed of a
commune and its independent suburbs.The first urban communities were created by the French Parliament on
December 31,
1966. Originally there were only four, found in the metropolitan areas of
Bordeaux,
Lille,
Lyon and
Strasbourg. Later, others were created in other metropolitan areas. The purpose of the urban communities was to achieve cooperation and joint administration between large cities and their independent suburbs. This step often followed failed attempts to merge the communes within a metropolitan area. The status of the urban communities was modified by the
Chevènement Law of
1999.
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