Color vision

Color vision is the capacity of an organism or machine to distinguish objects based on the wavelengths (or frequencies) of the light they reflect or emit. The nervous system derives color by comparing the responses to light from the several types of cone photoreceptors in the eye. These cone photoreceptors are sensitive to different portions of the visible spectrum. For humans, the visible spectrum ranges approximately from 380 to 750 nm, and there are normally three types of cones. The visible range and number of cone types differ between species.
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Vision /vi·sion/ 1. the sense by which objects in the external environment are perceived by means of the light they give off or reflect. 2. [more]Color vision - Community and Resources

Noun
1. the normal ability to see colors
(synonym) chromatic vision, trichromacy
(hypernym) sight, vision, visual sense, visual modality

the ability to perceive differences in color, including hue, saturation and brightness.