Cleopatra VII of Egypt

Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (in Greek, Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ; January 69 BC –  12 August 30 BC) was a Hellenistic co-ruler of Egypt with her father (Ptolemy XII Auletes) and later with her brothers/husbands Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV. She later became the supreme ruler of Egypt, as pharaoh, consummated a liaison with Gaius Julius Caesar that solidified her grip on the throne, and, after Caesar's assassination, aligned with Mark Antony, with whom she produced twins. In all, Cleopatra had four children, one by Caesar (Caesarion) and three by Antony (Cleopatra Selene II, Alexander Helios, and Ptolemy Philadelphus). Her unions with her brothers produced no children. It is possible that they were never consummated; in any case, they were not close. Her reign marks the end of the Hellenistic Era and the beginning of the Roman Era in the eastern Mediterranean. She was the last Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt (her son by Julius Caesar, Caesarion, ruled in name only before Augustus had him executed). Even though she still bore the ancient Egyptian title Pharaoh, her society's language was Greek and its culture was Hellenistic. When Cleopatra was born, the Great Pyramid was already at least 2,500 years old. Her society's understanding of the Ancient hieroglyphic language and culture of Egypt already was spotty. It was at best a reconstruction, not first-hand knowledge. Cleopatra adhered to pagan worship. Her patron goddess was Isis, and thus during her reign, it was believed that she was the re-incarnation and embodiment of the goddess of wisdom.
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Cléopâtre Théa Philopator (en grec, Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ) (v. -69 / ) est une reine d'Égypte antique de la famille des Lagides qui gouverne son pays entre -51 et -30, successivement avec ses frères et époux Ptolémée  et Ptolémée  puis avec le général romain Marc Antoine. Elle est connue pour ses relations avec Jules César et Marc Antoine.
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Kleopatra VII. Philopator (, * um 69 v. Chr.; † 12. August 30 v. Chr. in Alexandria) war als letzte Königin des ägyptischen Ptolemäerreiches auch der letzte weibliche Pharao. Von den Herrscherinnen gleichen Namens ist sie die bekannteste und ihr mythenumranktes Leben ist bis heute in Kunst, Literatur und Film gegenwärtig.
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Kleopatra VII Filopator (Wielka) (ur. 69, zm. 12 sierpnia 30 p.n.e. w Aleksandrii) - ostatni faraon Egiptu (od 51 p.n.e.).
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Fu l'ultima regina dell'antico Egitto e l'ultimo membro della Dinastia tolemaica. Il nome "Cleopatra" significa in lingua greca "gloria del padre".Oggi è probabilmente la più famosa di tutti i sovrani dell'Antico Egitto ed è conosciuta con il nome di Cleopatra, anche se fu la settima ed ultima regina a possedere quel nome. Cleopatra comunque non fu mai di fatto l'unica sovrana dell'Egitto, avendo regnato insieme al padre, al fratello, al fratello-marito ed al figlio.
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