Cirque du Soleil (
French for "Circus of the Sun") is an entertainment empire based in
Montreal,
Quebec,
Canada and founded in
Baie-Saint-Paul in 1984 by two former street performers,
Guy Laliberté and Daniel Gauthier.Initially named Les Échassiers they toured
Quebec in 1980 as a performing troupe and encountered financial hardship that was relieved by a government grant in 1983 as part of 450th celebrations of
Jacques Cartier's discovery of Canada. The Le Grand Tour du Cirque du Soleil was a success in 1984 and after securing a second year of funding Laliberté hired Guy Caron from the
National Circus School to recreate it as a "proper circus". No ring and no animals helped make Cirque du Soleil the modern
circus ("
Cirque Nouveau" / New Circus) it is described as today. Each show is a synthesis of circus styles from around the world and has its own central theme and storyline which brings the audience into the performance by having no curtains, continuous live music and performers change the props. After critical and financial successes (
Los Angeles Arts Festival) and failures in the late 1980s, Nouvelle Expérience was created with the direction of
Franco Dragone that not only made Cirque profitable by
1990 but allowed it to create new shows.
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