Churg-Strauss syndrome (also known as allergic
granulomatosis) is a medium and small vessel
autoimmune vasculitis, leading to
necrosis. It involves mainly the blood vessels of the
lungs (it begins as a severe type of
asthma), gastrointestinal system, and peripheral nerves, but also affects the heart, skin and kidneys. It is a rare disease that is non-heritable, non-transmissible and often mis-diagnosed. Churg-Strauss syndrome was once considered a type of
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) due to their similar morphologies.
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This condition occurs in patients,usually male, in their fourth decade who have a triad of rhinitis and asthma, eosinophilia and systemic vasculitis.
The pathology of this condition is an eosinophilic infiltration of the lungs with a characteristic high blood eosinophil count,vasulitis of small arteries and veins and extra vascular granulomas. The lungs,peripheral nerves and skin are most often affected and kidney involment is uncommon.Transient patchy pneumonia like shadows may occur but sometimes these can be massive and bilateral. Skin lesions include subcutaneous nodules as well as petechial or purpuric lesions.Disease responds well to corticosteroids.
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