Chữ Nôm ( or or ; literally "southern script") is a now obsolete
script for recording the
Vietnamese language. It makes use of
Chinese characters (known as
Hán tự in Vietnamese), and characters coined following the Chinese model. The earliest example of chữ Nôm dates to the 13th century. It was used almost exclusively by the Vietnamese elites, mostly for recording Vietnamese literature (formal writings were, in most cases, not done in Vietnamese, but in
classical Chinese). It has now been completely replaced by
quốc ngữ, a script based on
Latin alphabets.
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