Avram Noam Chomsky (
Hebrew: אברם נועם חומסקי
Yiddish: אברם נועם כאמסקי) (born
December 7,
1928) is an
American linguist,
philosopher,
political activist,
author, and
lecturer. He is an
Institute Professor and professor
emeritus of linguistics at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Chomsky is credited with the creation of the theory of
generative grammar, considered to be one of the most significant contributions to the field of
linguistics made in the 20th century. He also helped spark the
cognitive revolution in psychology through his review of
B. F. Skinner's
Verbal Behavior, in which he challenged the
behaviorist approach to the study of behavior and language dominant in the 1950s. His naturalistic approach to the study of language has also affected the
philosophy of language and
mind (see
Harman and
Fodor). He is also credited with the establishment of the
Chomsky hierarchy, a classification of
formal languages in terms of their generative power. According to the
Arts and Humanities Citation Index in 1992, Chomsky was cited as a source more often than any other living scholar during the 1980–1992 time period, and was the eighth-most cited scholar in any time period.
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(b. 1928-. Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1955). He is widely acknowledged to have inaugurated the ‘cognitive revolution’ in psychology with his review of Skinner’s Verbal Behavior. In this review, Chomsky argued persuasively that language acquisition could not be explained with the resources of the classical theory of conditioning, and required the positing of innate representational structures governed by rules.
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Tadeusz Zawidzki
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