Cholecystokinin (CCK; from
Greek chole, "bile"; cysto, "sac"; kinin, "move"; hence, move the bile-sac (
gallbladder)) is a
peptide hormone of the
gastrointestinal system responsible for stimulating the
digestion of
fat and
protein. Cholecystokinin, previously called pancreozymin, is synthesised by I-cells and secreted in the
duodenum, the first segment of the
small intestine, and causes the release of digestive
enzymes and
bile from the
pancreas and
gallbladder, respectively. It also acts as a
hunger suppressant. Recent evidence has suggested that it also plays a major role in inducing drug
tolerance to
opioids like
morphine and
heroin, and is partly implicated in experiences of pain hypersensitivity during opioid
withdrawal.
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