The Song of Roland is the oldest major work of
French literature. It exists in various different manuscript versions, which testify to its enormous and enduring popularity in the
12th to
14th centuries. The oldest of these versions is the one in the
Oxford manuscript, which contains a text of some 4004 lines (the number varies slightly in different modern editions) and is usually dated to the middle of the twelfth century (between 1140 and 1170). The epic poem is the first and most outstanding example of the
chanson de geste, a literary form that flourished between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries and celebrated the legendary deeds of a hero.
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