Chagas' disease (also called American trypanosomiasis) is a human
tropical parasitic disease which occurs in
the Americas, particularly in
South America. Its
pathogenic agent is a
flagellate protozoan named
Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to humans and other
mammals mostly by
blood-sucking assassin bugs of the subfamily
Triatominae (Family
Reduviidae). Those insects are known by numerous common names varying by country, including benchuca, vinchuca, kissing bug, chipo, chupança and barbeiro. The most common insect species belong to the genera
Triatoma,
Rhodnius, and
Panstrongylus. Other forms of transmission are possible, though, such as ingestion of food contaminated with
parasites,
blood transfusion and
fetal transmission.
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