Census

n. counting and surveying of the population for official purposes

A census is the process of obtaining information about every member of a population (not necessarily a human population). The term is mostly used in connection with national 'population and housing censuses' (to be taken every 10 years according to United Nations recommendations); agriculture censuses (all agriculture units) and business censuses (all enterprises).
See more at Wikipedia.org...

Noun
1. a period count of the population
(synonym) nose count, nosecount
(hypernym) count, counting, numeration, enumeration, reckoning, tally
Verb
1. conduct a census; "They censused the deer in the forest"
(hypernym) count, number, enumerate, numerate
(derivation) nose count, nosecount

n. census, counting and surveying of the population for official purposes

(n.)
An official registration of the number of the people, the value of their estates, and other general statistics of a country.
  

(n.)
A numbering of the people, and valuation of their estate, for the purpose of imposing taxes, etc.; -- usually made once in five years.