latin causa. => CHOSE.1
cerâ-i
sabab (ar.)
+
The conception of cause entered into theology chiefly in connection with sin. Sin was an attribute of the will, and the will was the cause of action.
...
But in general the causes of acts are not to be discoveered by introspection ; they are to be discovered, like those of other events, by observing their antecedents and discovering some law of sequence.
(B. RUSSELL, Religion and Science, p. 122, 165)
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If, however, we know of a very large number of cases in which A is followed by B, and few or none in which the sequence fails, we shall in PRACTICE be justified in saying "A causes B," provided we do not attach to the notion of cause any of the metaphysical superstitions that have gathered about the word.
There is another point, besides lack of universality and necessity, which it is important to realize as regards causes in the above sense, and that is the lack of uniqueness. It is generally assumed that, given any event, there is some one phenomenon which is THE cause of the event in question. This seems to be a mere mistake. Cause, in the only sense in which it can be practically applied, means "nearly invariable antecedent." We cannot in practice obtain an antecedent which is QUITE invariable, for this would require us to take account of the whole universe, since something not taken account of may prevent the expected effect. We cannot distinguish, among nearly invariable antecedents, one as THE cause, and the others as merely its concomitants: the attempt to do this depends upon a notion of cause which is derived from will
(B. RUSSELL,
The Analysis of Mind)
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So far as the physical sciences are concerned, Hume is wholly in the right; such propositions as 'A causes B' are never to be accepted, and our inclination to accept them is to be explained by the laws of habit and association.
(B. RUSSELL, History of Western Philosophy, p. 643)
2
(dast-)mâya
3
zâ-y-anda
xâst-gâh
+
=> fra. causer/créer des ennuis pour qqn
=> cause1 eng. cause
âfaridan
dar pay (e xod )âvordan
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=> fra. fra. causer/créer des ennuis (pour qqn)
2 fra. causerie ; eng. chat
gap (e dustâna) zadan
+
fra. cause toujours, tu m'intéresse ! : har ce mixwâhad del e tang at be gu (man ke guš na mideham !)