Cantons of Switzerland

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Cantons of Switzerland
The twenty-six cantons of Switzerland are the states of the federal state of SwitzerlandHistorically each canton in the historical confederation was a sovereign state, with its own borders, army and currency until the current federal structure was established in 1848. During the sixteenth century, the Swiss Confederation was composed of thirteen self-governed states. These states were called cantons, and there were two different kinds: six land (or forest) cantons and seven city (or urban) cantons. Though they were technically part of the Holy Roman Empire, they had become almost completely independent when the Swiss defeated Emperor Maximillian in 1499.
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Cantons suisses
Les 26 cantons suisses sont les États fédérés de la Confédération suisse.
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Kanton (Schweiz)
Die 26 Kantone der Schweiz sind die Gliedstaaten der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft.
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Kanton (Szwajcaria)
Kanton to podstawowa, terytorialna jednostka administracyjna Szwajcarii. Szwajcaria jest państwem federacyjnym, składającym się 26 kantonów i 2 890 gmin, które posiadają bardzo szeroką autonomię. Aż do połowy XIX wieku kantony były praktycznie biorąc samodzielnymi mini-państwami, które posiadały własne armie, same strzegły granic i biły własną monetę. Przekształcenie Szwajcarii z luźnej federacji nie posiadającej w ogóle instytucji centralnych, w państwo federalne nastąpiło dopiero w 1848 roku.
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Cantoni della Svizzera
I 26 cantoni svizzeri sono gli stati che compongono lo stato federale svizzero (Confederazione Elvetica).Ogni cantone ha una sua costituzione, un suo parlamento, un suo governo e suoi organi giurisdizionali. La maggior parte delle costituzioni cantonali prevede un parlamento monocamerale con un numero di membri che varia da 58 a 200. In alcuni casi l'organo assembleare è costituito da una assemblea generale (Landsgemeinde). I governi cantonali sono composti da un numero di membri dispari (5, 7 o 9 a seconda del cantone). Tutte le competenze non attribuite esplicitamente alla confederazione, in base alla Costituzione svizzera, sono esercitate dai cantoni. Questi ultimi determinano il grado di autonomia dei comuni, che varia considerevolmente a seconda dei casi.
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