Côte d'Ivoire (
IPA: ), officially the République de Côte d'Ivoire), formerly known as Ivory Coast, is a country in
West Africa. It borders
Liberia and
Guinea to the west,
Mali and
Burkina Faso to the north,
Ghana to the east, and the
Gulf of Guinea to the south.The country's early history is virtually unknown, although a
Neolithic culture is thought to have existed. In the
19th century it was invaded by two
Akan groups. In
1843-
1844, a treaty made it a
protectorate of
France and in 1893 Côte d'Ivoire became a French colony. The country became independent in 1960. Until 1993 it was led by
Félix Houphouët-Boigny and was closely associated economically and politically with its West African neighbors, for example forming the
Council of the Entente. At the same time the country maintained close ties to the
West, which helped its economic development and political stability. Since the end of Houphouët-Boigny's rule, this stability has been destroyed by two
coups (
1999 and
2001) and a
civil war since 2002, which has hampered its economic development.
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