Factory farming
Factory farming, is the practice of raising farm animals in confinement at high stocking density; and also sometimes used more generally to refer to treating farm animals as mere factory parts as is typical in
industrial farming. "Fifty years ago in Europe, intensification of animal production was seen as the road to national food security and a better diet. The policy was supported by guaranteed prices, encouraging high inputs [and/or outputs] of feed, fertiliser, pesticides and veterinary medicines. [These] intensive systems - called ‘factory farms’ - were characterised by confinement of the animals at high stocking density, often in barren and unnatural conditions." Confinement at high stocking density is one part of a systematic effort to produce the highest output at the lowest cost by relying on
economies of scale, modern machinery,
biotechnology, and
global trade. For example, while not strictly due to confinement or high stocking density, synthetic
hormones may be used to speed growth as part this overall
industrial farming approach that treats animals as mere factory parts. Confinement at high stocking density requires
antibiotics and
pesticides to mitigate the spread of disease exacerbated by these crowded living conditions. There are differences in the way factory farming techniques are practised around the world.
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Élevage intensif
L'élevage intensif est une forme d'
élevage qui vise à augmenter sensiblement la
productivité de cette activité, notamment en raccourcissant la phase de croissance, et en s'affranchissant plus ou moins fortement du milieu environnant. Il concerne l'amont de la filière agro-industrielle.
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חקלאות תעשייתית
CAFO
Concentrated Animal Feedlot; Consent Agreement/Final Order
CAFO
Concentrated animal feeding operation.
Concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO)
Generally, a facility where large numbers of farm animals are confined, fed, and raised, such as dairy and beef cattle feedlots, hog production facilities, and closed poultry houses. The Environmental Protection Agency has developed a specific regulatory definition of CAFO for the purposes of enforcing the Clean Water Act. The Act requires individual places that are potential sources of water pollution to obtain point source discharge permits that specify the allowable levels of effluent from each of these places. The regulations define "animal feeding operations" as those confining livestock or poultry for 45 days or more in a 12-month period in a facility that has no vegetative ground cover. Such places are further considered "concentrated," and therefore required to have an EPA permit, if they reach certain size limits or meet other criteria specified in the EPA regulations. Those size limits are 700 mature dairy cattle, 1,000 beef cattle, 100,000 chickens, 55,000 turkeys, 2,500 swine, or 10,000 sheep.
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