Budd-Chiari Syndrome

In medicine (gastroenterology and hepatology), Budd-Chiari syndrome is the clinical picture caused by occlusion of the hepatic vein or inferior vena cava. Its presents with the classical triad of abdominal pain, ascites and hepatomegaly. Examples of occlusion include thrombosis of hepatic veins and membranous webs in the inferior vena cava. The syndrome can be fulminant, acute, chronic, or asymptomatic. It occurs in 1 out of 100,000 individuals and is more common in females. Some 10-20 lso have obstruction of the portal vein.
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In this syndrome there is obstruction to the venous outflow of the liver due to occlusion of the hepatic vein.
Causes:
In 1/3 of patients the cause is unknown, but specific causes includes:
*Hypercoagulablity states e.g. polycythaemia vera,contraceptive pills or leukaemia.
Other causes includes
Occlusion of hepatic vein due to
*Posterior abdominal wall sarcomas
*Renal or adrenal tumours
*HCC(hepatocellular carcinoma)
*Hepatic infection e.g. hydatid cyst
*Congenital venous webs
*Radiotherapy
*Trauma to the liver
Clinical features
*Hepatomegaly
*Ascites