Blowout Preventer

A blowout preventer (BOP) is a large valve that encases an oil well at surface. During drilling or well interventions, the valve may be closed if overpressure from an oil reservoir causes formation fluids such as oil and natural gas to back up within the wellbore and threaten the rig. By closing this valve (usually operated remotely via hydraulic actuators), the drilling crew can prevent explosive pressure release, thus regaining control of the reservoir pressure. Once this is accomplished, often the drilling mud density within the hole can be increased until enough fluid pressure is being placed on the reservoir, and the BOP can be opened for drilling to resume. The invention and use of BOPs resulted in the end of oil gushers, which were dangerous and costly.
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En utblåsingssikring eller utblåsingsventil (engelsk: blowout preventer, BOP) er en stor ventil som omslutter en oljebrønn på havoverflaten. Under boring eller brønnintervensjoner kan man lukke ventilen dersom overtrykk fra et sedimentlag danner formasjonsvæsker (ofte olje og gass) som skytes opp av trykket og truer installasjonen. Ved å lukke denne ventilen, som normalt opereres fjernstyrt via hydraulikksylindere, kan boremannskapet forhindre dette eksplosive trykket som kan føre til oljebranner, og slik få kontroll over trykket i reservoaret. Utblåsingssikringen fungerer som en andre sikring dersom boreslammet ikke stopper trykket.
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s. Blowout preventer

s. Blowout preventer

(BOP) equipment installed at the wellhead at surface level on land rigs and on the seafloor of floating offshore rigs to prevent the escape of pressure either in the annular space between the casing and drill pipe or in an open hole during drilling and completion operations. (See annular blowout proventer and ram blowout preventer.)

preventor anular de explosão