Basalt

n. dark igneous rock, volcanic rock

Basalt (IPA: ) is a common gray to black extrusive volcanic rock. It is usually fine-grained due to rapid cooling of lava on the Earth's surface. It may be porphyritic containing larger crystals in a fine matrix, or vesicular, or frothy scoria. Unweathered basalt is black or gray.Basalt magmas have formed by decompression melting of the Earth's mantle and by partial melting of rock in the interiors of Mars and the Earth's moon. Source rocks for the partial melts probably include both peridotite and pyroxenite (e.g., Sobolev et al., 2007). The crustal portions of oceanic tectonic plates are composed predominantly of basalt, produced from upwelling mantle below ocean ridges.
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Noun
1. the commonest type of solidified lava; a dense dark gray fine-grained igneous rock composed chiefly of calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene
(hypernym) volcanic rock
(substance-meronym) pyroxene

n. basalt, dark igneous rock, volcanic rock

n. basalt, dark igneous rock, volcanic rock