Balancing selection refers to forms of
natural selection which work to maintain genetic
polymorphisms (or multiple
alleles) within a
population. Balancing selection is in contrast to
directional selection which favor a single allele. A balanced polymorphism is a situation in which balancing selection within a population is able to maintain stable frequencies of two or more
phenotypic forms. Evidence for balancing selection can be found by increased levels of
genetic variation between alleles or haplotypes in a species. Note that balancing selection will not always result in an observable phenotypic difference because the
genotype may not be
one-to-one with the phenotype.
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The maintenance of two or more alleles in a population due to a selective advantage of the heterozygote.
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