Non-directional beacon
A Non-Directional Beacon (NDB) is a
radio broadcast station in a known location, used as an aviation or marine
navigational aid. As the name implies, the signal does not include internal directional information, in contrast to newer navigational aids such as
VHF omnidirectional range (VOR). NDB signals follow the curvature of the earth, so they can be received at much greater distances at lower altitudes, a major advantage over VOR. However, the NDB signal is affected more by atmospheric conditions, mountainous terrain, coastal refraction and electrical storms, particularly at long range. Even with the advent of
VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) systems and
Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation, NDBs continue to be the most widely-used
radio navigational aid worldwide.
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Radio direction finder
A radio direction finder (RDF) is a device for finding the direction to a
radio source. Due to radio's ability to travel very long distances "over the horizon", it makes a particularly good
radio navigation system for ships and aircraft that might be flying at a distance from land.
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Automatic Direction Finder (ADF)
An aircraft radio navigation system which senses and indicates the direction to a Low/Medium Frequency (L/MF) nondirectional radio beacon (NDB) ground transmitter. Direction is indicated to the pilot as a magnetic bearing or as a relative bearing to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft depending on the type of indicator installed in the aircraft. In certain applications, such as military, ADF operations may be based on airborne and ground transmitters in the VHF/UHF frequency spectrum.
(FAA4) (FAA6)
AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER
An aircraft radio navigation system which senses and indicates the direction to a L/MF nondirectional radio beacon (NDB) ground transmitter. Direction is indicated to the pilot as a magnetic bearing or as a relative bearing to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft depending on the type of indicator installed in the aircraft. In certain applications, such as military, ADF operations may be based on airborne and ground transmitters in the VHF/UHF frequency spectrum.
(See BEARING.)
(See NONDIRECTIONAL BEACON.)
automatic direction finder
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