Aurangzeb

Aurangzeb Also known by his chosen Imperial title Alamgir I (Conquerer of the Universe) , (November 3, 1618 –  March 3, 1707) was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1658 until his death. He was the sixth Mughal ruler after Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan. Aurangzeb is remembered for his Sunni fundamentalist interpretation of Islam. Strict adherence to Islam and Sharia (Islamic law)—as he interpreted them— were the foundations of his reign. He attempted to institute Sharia law throughout the empire, abandoning the religious openness of his predecessors. It is a staple of traditional accounts of his reign that many  Hindu temples were defiled, destroyed, and replaced by mosques. A practice which had been largely discontinued since Babur's time. Many non-Muslims were converted to Islam. The hated Jizya, a tax imposed on non-Muslims, was reinstated during his rule. Still, it should be kept in mind that Muslims had to pay both Zakah and Ushr, and Aurangzeb is said to have abolished nearly sixty-five types of taxes, which resulted in a yearly revenue loss of fifty million rupees from the state treasury.
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Abu Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Âlamgir (né le à Dohad - mort le à Ahmadnagar), connu usuellement sous le nom d'Aurangzeb (ornement du trône en persan), ou encore parfois comme Âlamgir I ou Conquérant du monde, fut le souverain de l'Empire moghol de 1658 à 1707, le dernier des Grands Moghols. Il fut et il est une figure très controversée de l'histoire de l'Inde. Sous son règne, l'empire moghol aura atteint son apogée territoriale.
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Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir (* 3. November 1618; † 3. März 1707) war als Sohn Shah Jahans der Großmogul von Indien zwischen seiner Machtergreifung am 31. Juli 1658 und seinem Tod 1707.
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Aurangzeb (w jęz. perskim: اورنگ‌زیب, czyli: Ozdobiony koroną), właściwie: Abu Muzaffar Muhi ad-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir (ur. 3 listopada 1618, zm. 3 marca 1707), szósty władca Imperium Mogołów w Indiach od 1658 do 1707. Rozszerzył granice imperium, jednak jego fanatyczne propagowanie islamu i prześladowanie innych religii przyczyniło się do osłabienia państwa.
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È una figura molto controversa nella storia dell'Asia meridionale, ed è considerato un tiranno dalla maggior parte degli indù, dai sikh e dalla maggior parte degli indiani non musulmani.Aurangzeb era molto religioso e, secondo la storiografia, ispirato da un profondo fanatismo religioso: il suo regno seguiva rigidamente l'Islam e la sharīʿa che ne era la legge, a differenza dei suoi predecessori il cui regno era stato caratterizzato dalla tolleranza religiosa. Durante il suo regno, molti templi indù furono distrutti, e molti non musulmani (per lo più indù) furono convertiti con la forza all'islam. Anche la jizya, una tassa gravante esclusivamente sui non musulmani, fece la sua ricomparsa.
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