Events
48 BC -
Caesar's civil war:
Battle of Pharsalus -
Julius Caesar decisively defeats
Pompey at
Pharsalus and Pompey flees to
Egypt.
378 -
Gothic War:
Battle of Adrianople - A large
Roman army led by Emperor
Valens is defeated by the
Visigoths in present-day
Turkey. Valens is killed along with over half of his army.681 -
Bulgaria is founded as a
Khanate on the south bank of the
Danube, after defeating the
Byzantine armies of Emperor
Constantine IV south of the
Danube delta.1048 -
Pope Damasus II dies in
Rome, after reigning for only 23 days.1173 - Construction of the
Tower of Pisa begins, and it takes two centuries to complete.1483 - Opening of the
Sistine Chapel1666 - Rear Admiral
Robert Holmes leads a raid on the Dutch island of
Terschelling, destroying 150 merchant ships in the
Vlie estuary, and pillaging the town of West-Terschelling, an act later knkown as "Holmes's Bonfire".
1810 -
Napoleon annexes
Westphalia as part of the
First French Empire.
1842 -
Webster-Ashburton Treaty is signed, establishing the
United States-
Canada border
east of the
Rocky Mountains.
1862 -
American Civil War:
Battle of Cedar Mountain - At
Cedar Mountain, Virginia,
Confederate General
Stonewall Jackson narrowly defeats
Union forces under General
John Pope.
1877 -
Indian Wars:
Battle of Big Hole - A small band of
Nez Percé Indians clash with the
United States Army.
1892 -
Thomas Edison receives a
patent for a two-way
telegraph.
1902 -
Edward VII is crowned king of the
United Kingdom.
1907 - The first
Boy Scout encampment concludes at
Brownsea Island in Southern
England.
1936 -
Summer Olympic Games:
Games of the XI Olympiad:
Jesse Owens wins his fourth
gold medal at the games becoming the first American to win four medals in one
Olympiad.
1942 -
Indian leader,
Mahatma Gandhi is arrested in
Bombay by
British forces, launching the
Quit India Movement.1942 -
World War II:
Battle of Savo Island -
Allied naval forces protecting their amphibious forces during the initial stages of the
Battle of Guadalcanal are surprised and defeated by an
Imperial Japanese Navy cruiser force.
1944 - The
United States Forest Service and the Wartime Advertising Council release posters featuring
Smokey Bear for the first time.
1945 -
World War II:
Nagasaki is
devastated when an
atomic bomb, "Fat Man", is dropped by the
United States B-29 Bockscar. 70,000 people are killed instantly.
1965 -
Singapore seceded from
Malaysia and gained independence.1965 - A fire at a
Titan missile base near
Little Rock, Arkansas kills 53 construction workers.
1969 - Members of a
cult led by
Charles Manson brutally murder pregnant actress
Sharon Tate (wife of
Roman Polanski),
coffee heiress
Abigail Folger, Polish actor
Wojciech Frykowski, men's hairstylist
Jay Sebring, and recent high-school graduate
Steven Parent at
10050 Cielo Drive in
Los Angeles, California.
1974 - As a direct result of the
Watergate scandal,
Richard Nixon becomes the first
President of the United States to resign from office. His
Vice President,
Gerald Ford, becomes president.
1983 -
Peter Jennings hosts his first broadcast of
ABC's World News Tonight as sole anchor.
1986 - The
Headington Shark is erected in
Oxford.1986 -
Knebworth Park,
Stevenage,
United Kingdom sees the final live performance of rock band
Queen with lead singer
Freddie Mercury.
1987 - 9 people are shot dead and 17 more injured as 19-year old
Julian Knight opens fire at random in the
Hoddle Street Massacre in the
Melbourne suburb of
Clifton Hill, in
Australia.
1988 -
Baseball's all-day-game era officially came to an end when the
Chicago Cubs beat the
New York Mets 6-4 in
Wrigley Field's first night game.
1993 - The
Liberal Democratic Party of Japan loses a 38-year hold on national leadership.1993 - King
Albert II of
Belgium is sworn into office.
1999 -
Russian President
Boris Yeltsin fires his Prime Minister,
Sergei Stepashin, and for the fourth time fires his entire cabinet.1999 - The
Diet of Japan enacts a law establishing the
Hinomaru and
Kimi Ga Yo as the official
national flag and
national anthem.
2001 - US President
George W. Bush announces his support for federal funding of limited research on embryonic
stem cells.2001 - In
Jerusalem, 15 people die and 130 are wounded in the
Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing.
2005 - A
chemical plant explosion happened at the EQ Recovery Plant in
Romulus, Michigan, forcing residents within 1 to 1⅓ mile radius from the plant to evacuate.
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