Events
778 - The
Battle of Roncevaux Pass, in which
Roland is killed.927 - The
Saracens are conquered and destroyed
Taranto.1040 - King
Duncan I is killed in battle against his first cousin and rival
Macbeth. The latter succeeds him as
King of Scotland.1057 - King
Mac Bethad is killed in the Battle of Lumphanan by the forces of
Máel Coluim mac Donnchada.1185 - The cave city of
Vardzia is consecrated by Queen
Tamar of Georgia.1248 - The
foundation stone of the
Cologne Cathedral, built to house the
relics of the Three Wise Men, was laid. Construction eventually completed in
1880.1261 -
Michael VIII Palaeologus is crowned
Byzantine emperor in
Constantinople.1309 -
The city of Rhodes surrenders to the forces of the
Knights of St. John, completing their conquest of
Rhodes. The knights establish their headquarters on the island, and rename themselves as the
Knights of Rhodes.1461 - The
Empire of Trebizond surrenders to the forces of
Sultan Mehmet II. This is the real end of the
Byzantine Empire. Emperor
David is exiled and later murdered.
1517 - Seven
Portuguese armed
vessels led by
Fernão Pires de Andrade meet
Chinese officials at the
Pearl River estuary.
1519 -
Panama City,
Panama, is founded.1534 - Saint
Ignatius of Loyola and six classmates took initial vows that would lead to the creation of the
Society of Jesus in September of 1540.
1537 -
Asunción,
Paraguay, is founded.1540 -
Arequipa,
Peru, is founded.1549 -
Jesuit priest Saint
Francis Xavier comes ashore at
Kagoshima (Traditional
Japanese date:
July 22, 1549).1599 -
Nine Years War:
Battle of Curlew Pass - Irish forces led by
Hugh Roe O'Donnell successfully ambush English forces, led by Sir Conyers Clifford, were sent to relieve Collooney Castle.
1760 -
Seven Years' War:
Battle of Liegnitz -
Frederick the Great's victory over the
Austrians under
Ernst von Laudon.
1824 - Freed
American slaves form
Liberia.
1843 - The
Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace in
Honolulu, Hawaii is dedicated. Now the cathedral of the
Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu, it is the oldest
Roman Catholic cathedral in continuous use in the
United States.1843 -
Tivoli Gardens, one of the oldest still intact
amusement parks in the world, opens in
Copenhagen,
Denmark.
1863 - The
Anglo-Satsuma War begins between the
Satsuma Domain of
Japan and the
United Kingdom (Traditional
Japanese date:
July 2,
1863).
1869 -
Meiji government establishes six ministries below Pardication () in the bottom of
Cabinet, officer-of-Shinto-Worship, and jurisdiction of Cabinet.
1889- Oldest Club of Asia
Mohun Bagan AC Established in Kolkata, India.
1914 - A male servant of
American architect Frank Lloyd Wright set fire to the living quarters of the architect's
Wisconsin home,
Taliesin, murdered seven people, and burned the living quarters to the ground.
1915 - The
Panama Canal opens to traffic with the transit of the cargo ship
Ancon.
1920 -
Polish-Soviet War:
Battle of Warsaw -
Poles defeat the
Red Army.
1939 - 13
Stukas dive into the ground during a disastrous air-practice at Neuhammer. No survivors.
1942 -
World War II:
Operation Pedestal - The
SS Ohio reaches the island of
Malta barely afloat carrying vital fuel supplies for the island defenses.
1944 -
World War II:
Operation Dragoon - Allied forces land in
southern France.
1945 - World War II:
Victory over Japan Day -
Japan surrenders.1945 - World War II:
Korean Liberation Day.
1947 -
India gains independence from the
United Kingdom and becomes an independent nation within the Commonwealth ,
Jawaharlal Nehru addresses the nation with the
Indian Declaration of Independence and takes office as the first
Prime Minister of India.1947 - Founder of
Pakistan,
Muhammad Ali Jinnah is sworn in as first
Governor General of Pakistan at
Karachi.
1948 - The
Republic of Korea is established south of the
38th parallel north.
1950 -
Srikakulam district is formed in
Andhra Pradesh,
India.
1952 -
Devon, United Kingdom A flashflood drenches the town of Lynmouth, killing 34 people.
1960 -
Republic of the Congo (
Brazzaville) declares its independence from
France.
1961 -
Conrad Schumann flees from
East Germany while on duty guarding the construction of the
Berlin Wall.1961 - Keiyo Road is specified to be the first
driveway in Japan.
1962 -
James Joseph Dresnok defected to the
Democratic People's Republic of Korea, running across the
Korean DMZ. Dresnok still resides in the capital,
Pyongyang.
1965 -
John Coltrane plays in
Chicago, Illinois for the
Downbeat Jazz Festival with
Elvin Jones and
McCoy Tyner.1965 -
The Beatles play to nearly 60,000 fans at
Shea Stadium in
New York City, marking the birth of
stadium rock.
1969 - The
Woodstock Music and Art Festival opens.
1971 -
President Richard Nixon completes the break from the
gold standard by ending convertibility of the
United States dollar into gold by foreign investors.1971 -
Bahrain Independence Day.
1973 -
Vietnam War: The
United States bombing of
Cambodia ends.
1974 -
Seoul Subway Line 1 opened, between
Seoul Station and
Cheongnyangni Station1974 -
Yuk Young-soo,
First Lady of
South Korea is killed amid an apparent assassination attempt upon
President of
South Korea,
Park Chung-hee, during the anniversarial ceremony of the
Liberation day.1974 -
Turkish invasion of Cyprus continues, and the 37% of the island is now under Turkish control.
1975 - Military
coup in
Bangladesh.
Sheikh Mujibur Rehman killed along with all family members, except
Haseena Wajid.1975 -
Miki Takeo makes the first official pilgrimage to
Yasukuni Shrine by a sitting
prime minister on the anniversary of the end of
World War II.
1977 -
The Big Ear, a
radio telescope operated by The
Ohio State University as part of the
SETI project, receives a radio signal from deep space; the event is named the "
Wow! signal" for notation made by a volunteer on the project.
1984 -
PKK,Kurdish people in Turkey gain arms and start a Guerilla warfare campaign against the Turkish military
1993 -
Junko Asari wins the women's marathon in the
World Athletics Championships in
Stuttgart,
Japan's first major women's athletics victory.
1995 - In
South Carolina,
Shannon Faulkner becomes the first female
cadet matriculated at
The Citadel, but drops out in less than a week.
1998 -
Omagh bomb in
Northern Ireland, becoming the worst
terrorist incident of
The Troubles1999 -
Beni Ounif massacre in
Algeria; some 29 people killed at a false roadblock near the
Moroccan border, leading to temporary tensions with
Morocco.
2007 - An
8.0-magnitude earthquake off the
Pacific coast devastates
Ica and various regions of
Peru killing 514 and injuring 1,090.
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