Artificial castling

In chess, artificial castling, also known as castling by hand, refers to a maneuver in which a king who has lost the right to castle does so in several normal moves, instead of one special one. For example, in the following common sequence of moves:1. e4 e52. Nf3 Nc63. Bc4 Nf64. Nc3 Nxe45. Bxf7+?! (see first diagram)
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