In
natural science and
signal processing, an artifact is any perceived
distortion or other
data error caused by the instrument of observation.For example, a
compression artifact in
computer science is a noticeable error caused by
lossy data compression. In
microscopy, artifacts are sometimes introduced during the processing of samples into
slide form.In
econometrics, which trades on computing linear relationships between related
variables, an artifact is a spurious finding, such as one based on either a faulty choice of variables or an overextension of the computed relationship. Such an artifact may be called a statistical artifact. For instance, a hypothetical finding that presidential
approval rating is approximately equal to twice the percentage of citizens making more than $50,000 annually would predict that the approval rating will be 120% if 60% of citizens make over $50,000. This prediction is a statistical artifact, since it is spurious to use the
model when the percentage of citizens making over $50,000 is so high (and silly to predict an approval rating greater than 100%).
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