Events
648 BC - Earliest
solar eclipse recorded by the
Ancient Greeks. 402 -
Stilicho stymies the
Visigoths under
Alaric in the
Battle of Pollentia.1320 - The
Scots reaffirm their independence by signing the
Declaration of Arbroath. 1327 - The
poet Petrarch first sees his idealized love, Laura, in the church of
Saint Clare in
Avignon.1385 - John, Master of the
Order of Aviz, is made king
John I of Portugal.1652 -
Dutch sailor
Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp at the
Cape of Good Hope, which eventually becomes
Cape Town. 1667 - An earthquake devastates
Dubrovnik, then an independent
city-state.
1782 -
Rama I succeeds
King Taksin of
Thailand, who was overthrown in a
coup d'état.
1793 - During the French Revolution, the Committee of Public Safety becomes the executive organ of the republic, and the period known as the
Reign of Terror begins.
1808 -
John Jacob Astor incorporates the
American Fur Company.
1814 -
Napoleon abdicates. He is then exiled to
Elba.
1830 -
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is organized by
Joseph Smith, Jr. and others at
Fayette, New York.
1832 -
Indian Wars:
Black Hawk War begins - The
Sauk warrior
Black Hawk enters into war with the
United States.
1860 -
Joseph Smith III, creates the
Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints by reorganizing the previous church organized by his father, Joseph Smith, Jr.
1862 -
American Civil War:
Battle of Shiloh begins - In
Tennessee, forces under
Union General Ulysses S. Grant meet
Confederate troops led by
General Albert Sidney Johnston.
1865 - American Civil War:
Battle of Sayler's Creek -
Confederate General Robert E. Lee's
Army of Northern Virginia fights its last major battle while in retreat from
Richmond, Virginia.
1866 - The Grand Army of the Republic , an American patriotic organization composed of Union veterans of the American Civil War , is founded. It lasts until 1956.
1869 -
Celluloid is patented.
1893 -
Salt Lake Temple of
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints dedicated by
Wilford Woodruff.
1895 -
Oscar Wilde is arrested (in
Cadogan Hotel, London) after losing a
libel case against the
John Sholto Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry.
1896 - In
Athens, the opening of the
first modern Olympic Games 1,500 years after being banned by
Roman Emperor Theodosius I.
1903 - The
Kishinev pogrom in
Kishinev (
Bessarabia) begins, forcing tens of thousands of
Jews to later seek refuge in
Israel and the
Western world.
1909 -
Robert Peary allegedly reaches the
North Pole.
1911 -
Dedë Gjon Luli Dedvukaj,
Leader of the
Malësori Albanians, raises the Albanian flag in the town of
Tuzi,
Montenegro, for the first time after
Gjergj Kastrioti (
Skenderbeg).
1917 -
World War I:
United States declares war on
Germany (see ).
1919 -
Gandhi orders a General Strike.
1923 - The first Prefects Board in
Southeast Asia is formed in
Victoria Institution,
Malaysia.
1924 - The first successful flight (with stops) completely around the world begins
1926 -
Walter Varney Airlines makes first commercial flight (
Varney is the root company of
United Airlines).
1930 -
Gandhi raises a lump of mud and salt and declares, "With this, I am shaking the foundations of the
British Empire." Thus he starts
Salt Satyagraha.
1936 -
Tupelo-Gainesville Outbreak: Another tornado from the same storm system as the Tupelo tornado hits
Gainesville, Georgia, killing 203.
1941 -
World War II: Operation Castigo begins;
Germany invades
Kingdom of Yugoslavia and
Greece.
1947 - The first
Tony Awards are presented for theatrical achievements.
1957 - Greek shipping tycoon
Aristotle Onassis buys the Hellenic National Airlines (TAE) and founds
Olympic Airlines.
1965 - Launch of
Early Bird, the first communications
satellite to be placed in synchronous orbit.
1968 - In
Richmond, Indiana's downtown district, a
double explosion kills 41 and injures 150.
1970 -
Newhall Incident: Four
California Highway Patrol officers are killed.
1972 -
Vietnam War:
Easter Offensive -
American forces begin sustained air strikes and naval bombardments.
1973 - Launch of
Pioneer 11 spacecraft.
1984 - Members of
Cameroon's Republican Guard unsuccessfully attempt to overthrow the
government headed by
Paul Biya.
1992 - A
general strike is declared by communist groups in
Nepal1994 - The
Rwandan Genocide begins when the aircraft carrying
Rwandan president Juvénal Habyarimana and
Burundian president Cyprien Ntaryamira is shot down.
1996 -
Panathinaikos becomes the first Greek team to win the
basketball European Championships (now
Euroleague) in Paris, beating
FC Barcelona by 67-66.
1998 -
Pakistan tests medium-range missiles capable of hitting
India.
2004 -
Rolandas Paksas becomes the first
president of
Lithuania to be peacefully removed from the post by
impeachment.
2005 - Kurdish leader
Jalal Talabani becomes the Iraqi president; Shiite Arab Ibrahim al-Jaafari is named
premier the next day.
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