Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (
August 26,
1743 –
May 8,
1794), the father of modern chemistry , was a
French nobleman prominent in the histories of
chemistry,
finance,
biology, and
economics. He stated the first version of the
law of conservation of mass, recognized and named
oxygen (1778) and
hydrogen (1783), disproved the
phlogiston theory, introduced the
metric system, wrote the first extensive list of elements, and helped to reform chemical nomenclature. He was also an investor and administrator of the "
Ferme Générale" a private tax collection company; chairman of the board of the Discount Bank (later the
Banque de France); and a powerful member of a number of other aristocratic administrative councils. All of these political and economic activities enabled him to fund his scientific research. But because of his prominence in the pre-revolutionary government in
France, he was
beheaded at the height of the
French Revolution.
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