Analogy
Analogy is both the
cognitive process of transferring
information from a particular subject (the analogue or source) to another particular subject (the target), and a
linguistic expression corresponding to such a process. In a narrower sense, analogy is an
inference or an
argument from a particular to another particular, as opposed to
deduction,
induction, and
abduction, where at least one of the
premises or the conclusion is general. The word analogy can also refer to the relation between the source and the target themselves, which is often, though not necessarily, a
similarity, as in the
biological notion of analogy. Analogy plays a significant role in
problem solving,
decision making,
perception,
memory,
creativity,
emotion,
explanation and
communication. It lies behind basic tasks such as the identification of places, objects and people, for example, in
face perception and
facial recognition systems. It has been argued that analogy is "the core of cognition" (
Hofstadter in Gentner et al. 2001). Specific analogical language comprises
exemplification,
comparisons,
metaphors,
similes,
allegories, and
parables, but not
metonymy. Phrases like and so on, and the like, as if, and the very word
like also rely on an analogical understanding by the receiver of a
message including them. Analogy is important not only in
ordinary language and
common sense, where
proverbs and
idioms give many examples of its application, but also in
science,
philosophy and the
humanities. The concepts of
association,
comparison,
correspondence,
mathematical and
morphological homology,
homomorphism,
iconicity,
isomorphism,
metaphor,
resemblance, and
similarity are closely related to analogy. In
cognitive linguistics, the notion of
conceptual metaphor may be equivalent to that of analogy.
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Analogie
En grec, analogia signifie proportion. Le terme désigne une similitude entre des choses ou des idées de nature différente. Une analogie est une ressemblance.
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Analogie
Analogia
Analogia - orzekanie o pewnych
cechach omawianego przedmiotu (rzeczy, osoby, pojęcia itp.) na zasadzie jego
podobieństwa do innego przedmiotu (dla którego odpowiednie cechy są określone i znane) lub równoległości występujących pomiędzy nimi innych cech. Pojęcie analogii jest szeroko stosowane w
filozofii,
prawie,
matematyce itd. Analogia- podobieństwo, odpowiedniość, zgodność, równoległość cech; rzecz podobna, odpowiednia, zgodna
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Analogia