Analogy

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Analogy
Analogy is both the cognitive process of transferring information from a particular subject (the analogue or source) to another particular subject (the target), and a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process. In a narrower sense, analogy is an inference or an argument from a particular to another particular, as opposed to deductioninduction, and abduction, where at least one of the premises or the conclusion is general. The word analogy can also refer to the relation between the source and the target themselves, which is often, though not necessarily, a similarity, as in the biological notion of analogy. Analogy plays a significant role in problem solvingdecision makingperceptionmemorycreativityemotionexplanation and communication. It lies behind basic tasks such as the identification of places, objects and people, for example, in face perception and facial recognition systems. It has been argued that analogy is "the core of cognition" (Hofstadter in Gentner et al. 2001). Specific analogical language comprises exemplificationcomparisonsmetaphorssimilesallegories, and parables, but not metonymy. Phrases like and so on, and the like, as if, and the very word like also rely on an analogical understanding by the receiver of a message including them. Analogy is important not only in ordinary language and common sense, where proverbs and idioms give many examples of its application, but also in sciencephilosophy and the humanities. The concepts of associationcomparison,  correspondencemathematical and morphological homologyhomomorphismiconicityisomorphismmetaphorresemblance, and similarity are closely related to analogy. In cognitive linguistics, the notion of conceptual metaphor may be equivalent to that of analogy.
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Analogie
En grec, analogia signifie proportion. Le terme désigne une similitude entre des choses ou des idées de nature différente. Une analogie est une ressemblance.
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Analogie
Analogie steht für:Analogie (Rhetorik), ein Stilmittel, das ähnliche Strukturen oder Zusammenhänge verwendetAnalogie (Biologie), funktionsgleiche Strukturen, ohne VerwandtschaftsbeziehungenAnalogie (Recht), die Anwendung einer Norm auf vergleichbare SachverhalteAnalogie (Philosophie), die Übereinstimmung von Gegenständen hinsichtlich gewisser MerkmaleAnalogie (Sprachwissenschaft), die Angleichung von sprachlichen Formen an bereits vorhandene Formeneine Lehre über das Sprechen von Gott, siehe Analogielehre
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Analogia
Analogia - orzekanie o pewnych cechach omawianego przedmiotu (rzeczy, osoby, pojęcia itp.) na zasadzie jego podobieństwa do innego przedmiotu (dla którego odpowiednie cechy są określone i znane) lub równoległości występujących pomiędzy nimi innych cech. Pojęcie analogii jest szeroko stosowane w filozofiiprawiematematyce itd. Analogia- podobieństwo, odpowiedniość, zgodność, równoległość cech; rzecz podobna, odpowiednia, zgodna
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Analogia
In generale, l'analogia è quel procedimento logico con cui si cerca di estendere l'applicabilità di talune proprietà o regole da un caso noto e definito, ad altri casi che presentino aspetti di ragionevole somiglianza.
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