Zolpidem is a prescription short-acting
nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic that potentiates
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, by binding to
benzodiazepine receptors which are located on the
gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. Zolpidem is used for the short-term treatment of
insomnia. It works quickly (usually within 15 minutes) and has a short
half-life (2-3 hours). Some trade names of zolpidem are Ambien, Stilnox, Stilnoct, Hypnogen, Zolt, Zolfresh, Nimadorm, Sanval, and Myslee. Its hypnotic effects are similar to those of the benzodiazepine class of drugs, but it is molecularly distinct from the classical benzodiazepine molecule and is actually classified as an
imidazopyridine.
Flumazenil, a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, which is used for benzodiazepine overdose, can also reverse zolpidem's sedative/hypnotic effects. As an
anticonvulsant and
muscle relaxant, the beneficial effects start to emerge at 10 and 20 times the dose required for sedation, respectively. For that reason, it has never been approved for either muscle relaxation or seizure prevention. Such drastically increased doses are more inclined to induce one or more negative side effects, including hallucinations and/or amnesia. (See below.)
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