The Almohad Dynasty (From
Arabic الموحدون
al-Muwahhidun, i.e. "
the monotheists" or "the Unitarians"), was a
Berber,
Muslim dynasty that was founded in the
12th century, and conquered all northern
Africa as far as
Libya, together with
Al-Andalus (
Moorish Iberia).Between 1130 and his death in 1163,
Abd al-Mu'min al-Kumi, a Berber from the
Masmuda tribe, defeated the ruling
Almoravids and extended his power over all northern Africa as far as
Libya, becoming Emir of
Marrakech in 1149.
Al-Andalus, Moorish Iberia, followed the fate of Africa, and in 1170 the Almohads transferred their capital to
Seville. However, by 1212
Muhammad III, "al-Nasir" (1199–1214) was defeated by an alliance of the four Christian princes of
Castile,
Aragón,
Kingdom of Navarre and
Portugal, at the
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in the
Sierra Morena. The battle destroyed Almohad dominance. Nearly all of the Moorish dominions in Iberia were lost soon after, with the great Moorish cities of
Córdoba and
Seville falling to the Christians in 1236 and 1248 respectively. The Almohads continued to rule in Africa until the piecemeal loss of territory through the revolt of tribes and districts enabled their most effective enemies, the
Marinids in 121. The last representative of the line, Idris II, "El Wathiq"' was reduced to the possession of Marrakech, where he was murdered by a slave in 1269.
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