Mentioned in the
Qur'an (
Sura 53:20), Allāt (a contraction of pre-Arabic *al-
ilāhat "the Goddess") was a pre-
Islamic Arabian goddess who was one of the three chief goddesses of
Mecca. She is one of three goddesses that the pre-Islamic
Meccans referred to as "The Daughters of God",but she was also considered the bride or consort of the Father God,
Allah. She is mentioned along with
ˤUzzā and
Manāt in
Qur'an Sura 53:19-23. Her name also occurs in earlier
Safaitic graffiti (Safaitic han-'Ilāt "the Goddess") and she was worshipped by the
Nabataeans of
Petra and the people of
Hatra, who equated her with the Greek
Athena & the Roman
Minerva. According to Wellhausen, they believed Allāt was the mother of
Hubal (and hence the mother-in-law of
Manāt). The Greek historian
Herodotus, writing in the
5th century B.C., considers her the equivalent of
Aphrodite:"The
Assyrians call Aphrodite Mylitta, the
Arabians Alilat, and the
Persians Mitra" (
Histories I:131). According to Herodotus, the ancient Arabians believed in only two gods: "They believe in no other gods except
Dionysus and the Heavenly Aphrodite; and they say that they wear their hair as Dionysus does his, cutting it round the head and shaving the temples. They call
Dionysus, Orotalt; and
Aphrodite, Alilat." (
Histories III:38).
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[Other] An ancient mother and fertility goddess of the pre-Islamic Arabs. Her name means "the Goddess". This mythic figure of great antiquity is one (she represented the earth and its fruits) of the trinity of desert goddesses named in the Qur'an; Al-Uzza (goddess of the morning star) and Menat (goddess of fate and time) being the others.
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