Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, commonly known as Albert Speer (;
March 19,
1905 –
September 1,
1981), was an
architect, author and high-ranking
Nazi German government official, sometimes called "the first architect of the
Third Reich." Speer was Hitler's chief architect before becoming his Minister for Armaments during the war. He reformed Germany's war production to the extent that it continued to increase for over a year despite increasingly intensive
Allied bombing. After the war, he was tried at
Nuremberg and sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment for his role in the Third Reich. As "the Nazi who said sorry", he was the only senior Nazi figure to admit guilt and express remorse. Following his release in 1966, he became an author, writing two bestselling autobiographical works, and a third about the
Third Reich. His two autobiographical works, Inside the Third Reich and Spandau: the Secret Diaries detailed his often close personal relationship with German dictator
Adolf Hitler, and have provided readers and historians with an unequalled personal view inside the workings of the Third Reich. Speer died of natural causes in 1981, in
London,
England.
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