An aviation accident is defined in the
International Civil Aviation Organisation Annex 13. The definition may be summarised as: An occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of
flight and all such persons have disembarked, in which:a) a person is fatally or seriously injured b) the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure; orc) the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible.
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Occurrence incident to flight in which, "as a result of the operation of an aircraft, any person (occupant or nonoccupant) receives fatal or serious injury or any aircraft receives substantial damage." The definition of substantial damage is 1) substantial damage means damage or failure which adversely affects the structural strength, performance, or flight characteristics of the aircraft, and would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component; 2) engine failure, damage limited to an engine, bent fairings or cowling, dented skin, small punctured holes in the skin or fabric, ground damage to rotor or propeller blades, damage to landing gear, wheels, tires, flaps, engine accessories, brakes, or wingtips are not considered "substantial damage."
(NTSB1)
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