Ager publicus
The Ager publicus is the
Latin language name for the
public land of the
Roman Republic and
Empire. It was usually acquired by
expropriation from Rome's enemies. In the earliest periods of Roman expansion in central Italy, the ager publicus was used for Roman and (after
338 BC) Latin colonies. Later tradition held that as far back as the
400s BC, the
Patrician and
Plebeian classes disputed the rights of the rich to exploit the land, and in
367 BC two
Plebeian Tribunes,
Gaius Licinius Stolo and
Lucius Sextius Sextinus Lateranus promulgated a law which limited the amount of the ager publicus to be held by any individual to 500
iugera, roughly 350
acres. In the half century following the
Battle of Telamon (c.
225 BC), the Roman fully absorbed
Cisalpine Gaul, adding huge swathes of land to the ager publicus, land which was more often than not given to new Latin colonies or to small freeholders. In the south of Italy, huge tracts of newly re-incorporated lands remained in the ager publicus, but tended to be leased out to wealthy citizens in return for rents, often ignoring the Laws of 367.
Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus attempted to address some of these violations in
133 BC, which led to much redistribution of the land. A similar move by his brother
Gaius Sempronius Gracchus in
123 BC failed because of his death the following year. In
111 BC, a new law was passed which allowed individual smallholders to assume ownership of their part of the ager publicus.
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Ager publicus
L’ager publicus doit être différencié de l’
ager romanus. Littéralement, c'est le territoire qui appartient au peuple romain contrairement à l’ager romanus qui appartient à Rome. Le Decemviri Agris Dandis Adsignandis était le collège de magistrats spécialisé dans le contrôle et la distribution de l’ager publicus.
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Ager publicus
Ager publicus
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Ager publicus
Nel
diritto romano, l'ager publicus, letteralmente "agro pubblico", era l'insieme ed il carattere giuridico di porzioni di
territorio (terreni, fondi,
latifondi, e per impropria estensione talvolta anche gli altri immobili) di
proprietà dello
stato.La locuzione ebbe ovviamente origine nella
Roma antica, ove indicava i fondi di proprietà del
Populus Romanus, acquistati per lo più a seguito di conquiste militari. Parte di questo territorio veniva concessa ai privati in proprietà piena (ager divisus et adsignatus), mentre parte veniva concessa solo in godimento (la definizione precisa della nozione di
possessio - godimento - dell'ager publicus, è però ancora da chiarire in alcuni aspetti). Una parte veniva destinata a scopi religiosi.
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