Adolf Eugen Fick (born 3 September, 1829, in
Kassel, Germany; died 21 August, 1901, in
Blankenberge, Flanders) was a
German physiologist usually credited with the invention of
contact lenses. He earned a 1851
doctorate at
Marburg in medicine.In 1855 he introduced
Fick's law of diffusion, which governs the
diffusion of a
gas across a fluid membrane. In 1870 he was the first to devise a technique for measuring
cardiac output, called the
Fick Principle. In 1887 he constructed and fitted what was to be considered the first successful model of a contact lens: an afocal
scleral contact shell made from heavy brown glass, which he tested first on
rabbits, then on himself, and lastly on a small group of volunteers. His idea was advanced independently by several innovators in the years that followed.
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