Tani refers to a compact cluster of
Tibeto-Burman languages situated at the eastern end of the
Himalayas, in an area skirted on four sides by
Tibet,
Assam,
Bhutan, and
Burma. Tani languages are spoken by about 600,000 aborigines of
Arunachal Pradesh and northern Assam, including the
Adi (many sub-tribes), Nyishi-Bangni,
Hill Miri,
Tagin, and
Apatani tribes of
East Kameng,
Lower Subansiri,
Upper Subansiri,
West Siang,
East Siang, and the
Dibang Valley districts of Arunachal Pradesh, as well as the
Mishing people of Assam. In Arunachal Pradesh alone the Tani-speaking area covers some 40,000 square kilometers, or roughly half the size of the state. Scattered Tani communities spill over the Sino-Indian border into adjacent areas in Motuo (Miguba and Misinba tribes), Milin (
Bokar and Tagin tribes), and Longzi (
Bengni,
Na,
Bayi, Dazu, and
Mara tribes) counties of Tibet, where together with the non-Tani tribe
Idu they form the
Lhoba nationality. Tani languages constitute a distinct branch in Tibeto-Burman. Their closest relatives appear to be their eastern neighbors the Digarish (Taraon and Idu) languages.
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