Activation-Induced (Cytidine) Deaminase (AID) is a 24 kDa
enzyme that removes the
amino group from the
cytidine base in
DNA.AID is currently thought to be the master regulator of secondary
antibody diversification. It is involved in the initiation of three separate immunoglobulin (Ig) diversification processes,
somatic hypermutation (SHM),
class switch recombination (CSR) and gene-conversion (GC).AID has been shown
in vitro to be active on single stranded DNA, and has been shown to require active
transcription in order to exert its deaminating activity. The involvement of
Cis-regulatory factors is suspected as AID activity is several orders of magnitude higher in the immunoglobulin "variable" region than other regions of the genome that are known to be subject to AID activity. This is also true of artificial reporter constructs and
transgenes that have been integrated into the
genome.
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