Achalasia, also known as esophageal achalasia, achalasia cardiae, cardiospasm, dyssynergia esophagus, and esophageal aperistalsis, is an
esophageal motility disorder. In this disorder, the
smooth muscle layer of the
esophagus has impaired
peristalsis (muscular ability to move food down the esophagus), and the
lower esophageal sphincter (LES) fails to relax properly in response to
swallowing. The most common form is primary achalasia, which has no known underlying cause. However, a small proportion occurs as a secondary result of other conditions, such as
esophageal cancer or (in South America)
Chagas disease.
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A failure of relaxation, especially of the muscle fibers at the junction of the esophagus and stomach.