Aase syndrome or Aase-Smith syndrome is a rare inherited disorder characterized by anemia with some joint and skeletal deformities. Aase syndrome is thought to be an autosomal recessive inherited disorder. The genetic basis of the disease is not known. The anemia is caused by underdevelopment of the bone marrow, which is where blood cells are formed.

Aase-Smith syndromes are deformities occurring in males characterised by a decreased production (hypoplasia) of red blood cells leading to anemia as well as certain joint contractures. They are named after Jon Morton Aase and David Weyhe Smith.