Events1541 -
Thomas Culpeper and
Francis Dereham are executed for having affairs with
Catherine Howard, Queen of England and wife of
Henry VIII.
1609 -
Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room, the second public library of Europe.
1659 -
Mexican border town
Ciudad Juárez is founded by Fray García de San Francisco.
1854 -
Pope Pius IX proclaims the dogma of
Immaculate Conception, which holds that
the Virgin Mary was born free of
original sin.
1864 - The
Clifton Suspension Bridge over the River Avon was officially opened.
1869 -
Timothy Eaton founds
T. Eaton Co. Limited in
Toronto,
Canada.
1886 - The
American Federation of Labor is founded in
Columbus, Ohio.
1904 -
Konservativ Ungdom (Young Conservatives) in Denmark is founded by Carl F. Herman von Rosen. Still existing today, it is the oldest youth political organisation in Denmark and believed to be one of the oldest remaining in the world.
1907 - King
Gustaf V of Sweden accedes to the Swedish throne.
1914 -
World War I:
Battle of the Falkland Islands - The
Kaiserliche Marine under the command of Admiral
Graf Maximilian von Spee is engaged by the
Royal Navy.
1935 - The
Japanese military police launches a violent suppression of the religious sect
Oomoto, beginning with a crackdown on the sect's operational bases of
Ayabe and
Kameoka in
Kyoto Prefecture and the arrest of its leader
Onisaburo Deguchi.
1940 - The
Chicago Bears defeat the
Washington Redskins 73-0, in the
NFL Championship Game. This is the most lopsided game in
NFL history.
1941 -
World War II:
Pacific War - After the
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor the
U.S. Congress and
Great Britain pass a
declaration of war against Japan.1941 -
World War II: Pacific War - the
Republic of China officially declares war against
Japan, after the Japanese attack on
Pearl Harbor.1941 -
World War II: Pacific War -
The Netherlands issues a proclamation in which it declares war against
Japan, after the Japanese attack on
Pearl Harbor.1941 -
World War II: Pacific War - The
Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in China issues a proclamation which declared war against
Japan and
Germany on behalf of Korean people, who were under Japanese occupation since
1910.1941 -
World War II:
Battle of Hong Kong - The Japanese invade the
British Crown Colony of
Hong Kong less than 8 hours after the attack on
Pearl Harbor.1941 -
World War II: First Japanese attack on
Wake Island.1941 -
Holocaust:
Gas vans are first used as a means of execution, at the
Chelmno extermination camp near
Łódź in
Poland.
1942 -
Holocaust: in
Ternopil,
Ukraine,
German SS organise the last deportation of
Ternopil Jews to death camp in
Belzec, when 1,400
Jews were sent there. The chief of the
Gestapo,
SS-Sturmbannführer
Hermann Müller, bore overall responsibility for the mass
murder of the
Jews of
Ternopil and
Berezhany county.
1949 -
Chinese Civil War: The capital of the
Republic of China is moved from
Nanjing to
Taipei,
Taiwan.
1953 -
Dwight D. Eisenhower gives the
Atoms for Peace speech.
1966 - The Greek ferry
Heraklion sinks in a storm in the
Aegean Sea, killing over 200.
1969 - An
Olympic Airways DC-6B crashes near
Athens during a storm, killing 93 people.
1972 -
United Airlines Flight 533 crashes near
Chicago Midway Airport, killing 45 people.
1980 -
John Lennon has been murdered on his house doorstep.
1982 - Activist
Norman Mayer threatens to blow up the
Washington Monument, before being killed by
United States Park Police.
1987 - The
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty is signed.1987 - The
Queen Street Massacre: Frank Vitkovic shoots and kills 8 people at the offices of
Australia Post in
Melbourne, Australia before being killed himself.1987 -
Alianza Lima air disaster1991 - The leaders of
Russia,
Belarus and
Ukraine sign an agreement dissolving the
Soviet Union and establishing the
Commonwealth of Independent States.1991 - The
Romanian Constitution is adopted in a referendum.
1993 - The
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is signed into law by US President
Bill Clinton.
1998 -
Tadjena massacre: 81 people are killed by armed groups in
Algeria.
2002 - The Caribbean Community Heads of Government meet with the Government of Cuba and declare the date to be "
CARICOM-
Cuba Day" - To celebrate diplomatic ties between the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and Cuba.
2004 - The
Cuzco Declaration is signed in
Cuzco,
Peru, establishing the
South American Community of Nations.2004 - Guitarist/songwriter
"Dimebag" Darrell Abott is murdered on stage.
2005 -
Ante Gotovina, Croatian army general accused of war crimes, is captured in the
Playa de las Américas,
Tenerife by the Spanish police.
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