Events
70 - The
destruction of the Second Temple in
Jerusalem by the
Romans.1265 -
Second Barons' War: Battle of Evesham - The army of
Prince Edward (
future Edward I of England) defeated the forces of rebellious barons led by
Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester; killing de Montfort and many of his allies. (This is sometimes considered the end of the age of
chivalry in
England.)1578 -
Battle of Al Kasr al Kebir -
Moroccans defeat
Portuguese. King
Sebastian of Portugal is defeated and killed in
North Africa, leaving his elderly uncle,
Cardinal Henry, as his heir. This initiates a succession crisis in
Portugal.
1693 - Date traditionally ascribed to
Dom Perignon's invention of
Champagne.
1704 -
War of the Spanish Succession:
Gibraltar captured by
English and
Dutch fleet, commanded by
Admiral Sir George Rooke and allied with
Archduke Charles.
1789 - In
France members of the
National Constituent Assembly take an oath to end
feudalism and abandon their
privileges.
1790 - A newly passed
tariff act creates the
Revenue Cutter Service (the forerunner of the
United States Coast Guard).
1821 - Atkinson & Alexander publish the
Saturday Evening Post for the first time as a weekly
newspaper.
1824 - Battle of
Kos fought between
Turks and
Greeks.
1854 - The
Hinomaru is established as the official flag to be flown from
Japanese ships.
1873 -
Indian Wars: While protecting a
railroad survey party in
Montana, the
United States 7th Cavalry, under
Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer, clash for the first time with the
Sioux (near the
Tongue River; only one man on each side is killed).
1892 - The family of
Lizzie Borden is found murdered in their
Fall River, Massachusetts home.
1902 -
Greenwich foot tunnel under the River
Thames opens.
1906 -
Central Railway Station, Sydney opens.
1914 -
World War I:
Germany invades
Belgium; in response, the
United Kingdom declares war on
Germany. The
United States proclaims
neutrality.
1936 - Greek General
Ioannis Metaxas, leader of the
4th of August Regime, suspends parliament and the Constitution and declares himself dictator.
1944 -
Holocaust: A tip from a
Dutch informer leads the
Gestapo to a sealed-off area in an
Amsterdam warehouse where they find
Jewish diarist Anne Frank and her family.
1947 - The
Supreme Court of Japan is established.
1954 -
Government of Pakistan approves the
National Anthem, written by Hafeez Jullundhry and composed by Ahmed G. Chagla.
1964 -
American civil rights movement:
Civil rights workers
Michael Schwerner,
Andrew Goodman and
James Chaney are found dead in
Mississippi after disappearing on
June 21. 1964 -
Vietnam War:
United States destroyers
USS Maddox and
USS C. Turner Joy report coming attack in the
Gulf of Tonkin. The destroyers open fire at what they believed were
Vietnam People's Army torpedo boats, although subsequent work has raised doubts the targets were real. This engagement became known as the
Gulf of Tonkin Incident.
1969 -
Vietnam War: At the apartment of
French intermediary Jean Sainteny in
Paris,
US representative
Henry Kissinger and
North Vietnamese representative
Xuan Thuy begin secret peace negotiations. The negotiations will eventually fail.
1971 - The US launches first satellite into lunar orbit from a manned spacecraft
1975 - The
Japanese Red Army takes more than 50 hostages at the AIA Building housing several embassies in
Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia. The hostages included the
U.S. consul and the
Swedish charge d'affaires. The gunmen win the release of five imprisoned comrades and fly with them to
Libya.
1977 -
US President Jimmy Carter signs legislation creating the
United States Department of Energy.
1984 - The
African republic Upper Volta changes its name to
Burkina Faso.
1987 - The
Federal Communications Commission rescinds the
Fairness Doctrine which had required
radio and
television stations to "fairly" present controversial issues.
1991 - The
Greek cruise ship
Oceanos sinks off the
Wild Coast of
South Africa.1991 - The world's largest hamburger, weighing over 4 tons (about 3750 kg), is made at a county fair in
Seymour, Wisconsin.
1993 - A
federal judge sentences
LAPD officers
Stacey Koon and
Laurence Powell to 30 months in prison for violating
motorist Rodney King's
civil rights.
1995 -
Operation Storm begins in
Croatia.
1997 - 185,000
Teamsters union
United Parcel Service drivers walk off the job.
2002 -
Soham murders: 10 year old school girls Jessica Chapman and Holly Wells go missing from the town of
Soham,
Cambridgeshire.
2005 -
Prime Minister Paul Martin announces that
Michaëlle Jean will be
Canada's 27th — and first
black —
Governor General.
2006 -
Dame Silvia Cartwright steps down as the
Governor-General of New Zealand and was replaced by
The Honourable Anand Satyanand, who was sworn in on
23 August.
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