3 March

Events1431 - Eugene IV becomes Pope.1575 - Indian Mughal Emperor Akbar defeats Bengali army at the Battle of Tukaroi1585 - The Olympic Theatre, designed by Andrea Palladio, is inaugurated in Vicenza1791 - The United States Mint is created by the U.S. Congress.1803 - Colégio Militar is founded in Portugal by Colonel Teixeira Rebello.1817 - The Alabama Territory is created by splitting the Mississippi Territory. 1820 - The U.S. Congress passes the Missouri Compromise.1833 - According to Akilattirattu Ammanai, Ayya Vaikundar arises from the sea as avatar of Narayana at Thiruchendur.1845 - Florida is admitted as the 27th U.S. state. 1845 - For the first time the U.S. Congress passes legislation overriding a presidential veto. 1849 - The United States Department of the Interior is established. 1849 - The U.S. Congress passes the Gold Coinage Act allowing the minting of gold coins. 1857 - France and the United Kingdom declare war on China.1861 - Alexander II of Russia signs the Emancipation Manifesto, freeing serfs.1863 - Idaho Territory organizes as a political division of the United States.1865 - The U.S. Congress authorizes formation of the Freedmen's Bureau.1865 - Opening of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, the founding member of the HSBC Group.1873 - Censorship: The U.S. Congress enacts the Comstock Law, making it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, or lascivious" books through the mail.1875 - The first ever organized indoor game of ice hockey is played in Montreal, Canada as recorded in The Montreal Gazette.1877 - Rutherford B. Hayes is privately inaugurated as the 19th President of the United States (his public inauguration coming on March 5).1878 - Bulgaria regains its independence from  Ottoman Empire according to the Treaty of San Stefano; shortly after Congress of Berlin stripped its status to an autonomous state of the Ottoman Empire1879 - The United States Geological Survey is created.1885 - The American Telephone and Telegraph Company is incorporated in New York State.1891 - The Penalty Spot Kick rule in Football is conceived, but does not come into effect until the next season1904 - Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany becomes the first person to make a sound recording of a political document, using Thomas Edison's cylinder. 1905 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia agrees to create an elected assembly (the Duma). 1910 - Rockefeller Foundation: J.D. Rockefeller Jr. announces his retirement from managing his businesses so that he could devote full time to being a philanthropist. 1913 - Establishment of the first football club in Bulgaria - Ticha, now known as PFC "Cherno More".1915 - NACA, the predecessor of NASA founded.1918 - Germany, Austria and Russia sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ending Russia's involvement in World War I, and leading to the independence of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. 1923 - TIME magazine is published for the first time.1924 - The 1400-year-old Islamic caliphate is abolished when Caliph Abdul Mejid II of the Ottoman Empire is deposed. The last remnant of the old regime gives way to the reformed Turkey of President Kemal Atatürk.1931 - The United States officially adopts "The Star-Spangled Banner" as its national anthem.1933 - Mount Rushmore National Memorial is dedicated.1933 - US President Herbert Hoover signs the Norris-LaGuardia Act into law and opening the doors to increased unionization.1938 - Oil is discovered in Saudi Arabia.1939 - In Mumbai, Mohandas Gandhi begins to fast in protest of the autocratic rule in India. 1940 - Five people are killed in an arson attack on the offices of the communist newspaper Norrskensflamman in Luleå, Sweden.1942 - World War II: Ten Japanese warplanes raid the town of Broome, Western Australia killing more than 100 people.1943 - World War II: In London, England, 173 people are killed in a crush while trying to enter an air-raid shelter at Bethnal Green tube station.1944 - The Order of Nakhimov and Order of Ushakov were instituted in USSR as the highest naval awards.1945 - World War II: Previously neutral Finland declares war on the Axis powers.1953 - A Canadian Pacific Airlines De Havilland Comet crashes in Karachi, Pakistan killing 11.1958 - Nuri as-Said becomes the prime minister of Iraq for the 14th time.1961 - Hassan II becomes King of Morocco.1966 - A British Overseas Airways Boeing 707 flies into a mountain wave after the captain decides to give the passengers a close-up view of Mt. Fuji. All 124 people aboard are killed.1969 - Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 9 to test the lunar module. 1971 - Beginning of Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and India's official entry to the Bangladesh Liberation War in support of Mukti Bahini1972 - Mohawk Airlines Flight 405 crashes in unexplained circumstances.1974 - Turkish Airlines Flight 981 crashes at Ermenonville near Paris, France killing all 346 aboard.1974 - Roman Catholic and Lutheran officials reach an agreement for eventual reconciliation into one communion, marking the first agreement between the two churches since the Reformation.1976 - 5 workers are killed by the police in a demonstration in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.1980 - USS Nautilus stricken.1985 - Arthur Scargill declares that the National Union of Mineworkers national executive voted to end the longest-running industrial dispute in Britain without any peace deal over pit closures. 1985 - Censorship: Women Against Pornography award their "Pig Award" to Huggies Diapers, claiming that the television ads had "crossed the line between eye-catching and porn."1991 - An amateur video captures the beating of Rodney King by Los Angeles police officers.1991 - In two concurring referendums: 74 % of the population of Latvia vote for independence from the Soviet Union, in Estonia - 83 %.1992 - The nation of Bosnia was established.1995 - In Somalia, the United Nations peacekeeping mission ends.1997 - The tallest free-standing structure in the Southern Hemisphere, Sky Tower in downtown Auckland, New Zealand, opens after two-and-a-half years of construction. 1999 - Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones begin their successful attempt to circumnavigate the world in a hot air balloon without stopping.2002 - Citizens of Switzerland narrowly vote in favour of their country becoming a member of the United Nations.2004 - Belgian brewer Interbrew and Brazilian rival AmBev agreed to merge in a $11.2 billion deal that formed InBev, the world's largest brewer.2005 - Mayerthorpe Incident: James Roszko murders four Royal Canadian Mounted Police constables during a drug bust at his property in Rochfort Bridge, Alberta, then commits suicide. It is the deadliest peace-time incident for the RCMP since 1885 and the North-West Rebellion.2005 - Steve Fossett becomes the first person to fly an airplane around the world solo without any stops without refueling - a journey of 40,234 km/25,000 mi completed in 67 hours and 2 minutes.
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