Events1043 -
Edward the Confessor is crowned
King of England.1077 - Creation of the first
Parliament of
Friuli.1559 - The
Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis treaty is signed, ending the
Italian Wars.
1834 - The generals in the
Greek War of Independence stand trial for treason.
1860 - The first successful
Pony Express run from
Saint Joseph, Missouri to
Sacramento, California begins.
1865 -
American Civil War:
Union forces capture
Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the
Confederate States of America.
1882 -
American Old West outlaw
Jesse James is killed by
Robert Ford for a $5,000 reward.
1885 -
Gottlieb Daimler is granted a
German patent for his
engine design.
1895 - The
libel trial instigated by
Oscar Wilde begins, eventually resulting in his imprisonment on charges of
homosexuality.
1896 - The first publication of
La Gazzetta dello Sport newspaper in
Italy.
1917 -
Vladimir Lenin arrives in
Russia from exile, marking the beginning of
Bolshevik leadership in the
Russian Revolution.
1922 -
Joseph Stalin became the first
General Secretary of the
Communist Party of the
Soviet Union.
1929 -
RMS Queen Mary is ordered from
John Brown & Company Shipbuilding and Engineering by
Cunard Line.
1933 - Unsuccessful boycott of Jewish stores in
Nazi Germany.
1936 -
Bruno Richard Hauptmann is executed for the kidnapping and death of
Charles Augustus Lindbergh II, the baby son of world-famous pilot
Charles Lindbergh.
1942 -
World War II:
Japanese forces begin an assault on the
United States and
Filipino troops on the
Bataan Peninsula.
1946 -
Japanese Lt. General Masaharu Homma is executed in the
Philippines for leading the
Bataan Death March.
1948 -
President Harry Truman signs the
Marshall Plan which authorizes $5 billion in aid for 16 countries.1948 - In
Jeju,
South Korea, a civil-war-like period of violence and
human rights abuses begins, known as the
Jeju massacre.
1953 -
TV Guide debuts.
1955 - The
American Civil Liberties Union announces it will defend
Allen Ginsberg's book
Howl against
obscenity charges.
1956 -
Elvis Presley sings "
Heartbreak Hotel" on the
Milton Berle Show, with an estimated 25% of the
United States population viewing.1956 - The western part of the
Lower Peninsula of Michigan is struck by a deadly
F5 tornado (known as the
Hudsonville-Standale Tornado).
1968 -
Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech.
1969 -
Vietnam War:
U.S. Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird announces that the
United States will start to "
Vietnamize" the war effort.
1971 -
Japanese tokusatsu television series
Kamen Rider premieres, marking the beginning of the long-running
Kamen Rider franchise.
1973 - The first portable
cell phone call is placed in
New York City.
1974 -
The Super Outbreak occurs, the biggest tornado outbreak in recorded history. The death toll is 315, with nearly 5,500 injured.
1975 -
Bobby Fischer refuses to play in a
chess match against
Anatoly Karpov, giving Karpov the title of World Champion by default.
1982 -
Great Britain dispatched a naval task force to the south
Atlantic to reclaim the disputed
Falkland Islands from
Argentina.
1996 - Suspected "
Unabomber"
Theodore Kaczynski is arrested at his
Montana cabin.1996 - A
United States Air Force airplane carrying
United States Secretary of Commerce Ron Brown crashes in
Croatia, killing all 35 on board.
1997 -
Thalit massacre begins in
Algeria; all but 1 of the 53 inhabitants of
Thalit are killed by guerrillas.
2000 -
United States v. Microsoft:
Microsoft is ruled to have violated
United States antitrust laws by keeping "an oppressive thumb" on its competitors.
2004 -
Islamist terrorists involved in the
11 March 2004 Madrid attacks are trapped by the police in their apartment and kill themselves.
2007 - An official new world record for conventional-train speed of 574.8 km/h (357.2 mph) is set by a French
TGV on the
LGV Est high speed line east of
Paris.
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