Events
42 BCE -
Roman Republican civil wars:
Second Battle of Philippi -
Brutus's army is decisively defeated by
Mark Antony and
Octavian. He commits suicide.425 -
Valentinian III is elevated as
Roman Emperor, at the age of 6.502 - The Synodus Palmaris, called by
Gothic king
Theodoric the Great, discharges
Pope Symmachus of all charges, thus ending the schism of
Antipope Laurentius.1086 - At the
Battle of az-Zallaqah, the army of
Yusuf ibn Tashfin defeats the forces of
Castilian King
Alfonso VI1157 - The Battle of Grathe Heath ends the civil war in
Denmark. King
Sweyn III is killed and
Valdemar I restores the country.1641 - Outbreak of the
Irish Rebellion of 1641 - anniversary commemorated by Irish Protestants for over 200 years1642 -
Battle of Edgehill: first major battle of the
First English Civil War.
1694 - American colonial forces, led by Sir William Phipps, fail to seize
Quebec.
1707 - The first
Parliament of Great Britain, i.e., the
United Kingdom, meets.
1739 -
War of Jenkins' Ear starts:
British Prime Minister,
Robert Walpole, reluctantly declares war on
Spain.
1812 -
Claude François de Malet, a French general, begins a conspiracy to overthrow
Napoleon Bonaparte, claiming that the Emperor died in
Russia and that he was now the commandant of Paris. De Malet is executed on
October 29.
1813 - The
Pacific Fur Company trading post in
Astoria, Oregon is turned over to the rival British North West Company (the
fur trade in the
Pacific Northwest was dominated for the next three decades by the
United Kingdom).
1855 - Kansas Free State forces set up a competing government under their
Topeka, Kansas, constitution, which outlaws
slavery in the
United States territory.
1861 - President
Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of
habeas corpus in
Washington, D.C., for all military-related cases.
1864 -
American Civil War:
Battle of Westport -
Union forces under General
Samuel R. Curtis defeat
Confederate troops led by General
Sterling Price at
Westport, near
Kansas City.
1867 - 72 Senators are summoned by
Royal Proclamation to serve as the first members of the
Canadian Senate.
1870 -
Franco-Prussian War: the
Siege of Metz concludes with a decisive
Prussian victory.
1906 -
Alberto Santos-Dumont flies an airplane in the first
heavier-than-air flight in Europe at Champs de Bagatelle,
Paris,
France.
1911 - First use of
aircraft in war: an
Italian pilot takes off from
Libya to observe
Turkish army lines during the
Turco-Italian War.
1912 -
First Balkan War: The
Battle of Kumanovo between the
Serbian and
Ottoman armies begins.
1915 -
Woman's suffrage: In
New York City, 25,000-33,000 women march on
Fifth Avenue to advocate their
right to vote.
1929 -
Great Depression: After a steady decline in
stock market prices since a peak in September, the
New York Stock Exchange begins to show signs of panic. 1929 - The first North American transcontinental air service begins between
New York City and
Los Angeles, California.
1930 - The first
miniature golf tournament was completed in
Chattanooga, Tennessee.
1935 -
Dutch Schultz,
Abe Landau,
Otto Berman, and Bernard "Lulu" Rosenkrantz are fatally shot at a saloon in
Newark, New Jersey in what will become known as The Chophouse Massacre.
1941 -
World War II: Field Marshal
Georgy Zhukov takes command of
Red Army operations designed to prevent the further advance into
Russia of
German forces and to prevent the
German armies from capturing
Moscow.1941 - Burning of the
Odessa,
Ukraine,
Jews: 19,000 Jews are burned alive at Dalnik in
Odessa, by
Romanian and
German troops. The next day, another 10,000 Jews are killed.
Romanian Lieutenant-Colonel Nicolae Deleanu administered the executions.
1942 - World War II: The
Second Battle of El Alamein starts - At
El Alamein in northern
Egypt, the British Eighth Army under Field Marshal Montgomery begin a critical offensive to expel the
Axis armies from Egypt, never to return.1942 - All 12 passengers and crewmen aboard an
American Airlines DC-3 airliner are killed when it is struck by a
U.S. Army Air Forces bomber near
Palm Springs, California. Among the victims is award-winning composer and songwriter
Ralph Rainger ("Thanks for the Memory", "Love in Bloom", "Blue Hawaii").
1944 - World War II: The
Battle of Leyte Gulf begins - The largest naval battle in history begins in the
Philippines; and also, the Soviet
Red Army enters
Hungary.
1946 - The
United Nations General Assembly convened for the first time, at an auditorium in Flushing Meadow, New York.
1956 - Thousands of
Hungarians protest against the Government and
Soviet occupation. (The
Hungarian Revolution is crushed on
November 4).
1965 -
Vietnam War: The
1st Cavalry Division (United States) (Airmobile), in conjunction with
South Vietnamese forces, launch a new operation, seeking to destroy
North Vietnamese forces in Pleku Province in the II Corps Tactical Zone (the Central Highlands).
1973 - The
Watergate Scandal: US President
Richard M. Nixon agrees to turn over subpoenaed audio tapes of his Oval Office conversations about the scandal. 1973 - A
United Nations sanctioned cease-fire officially ends the
Yom Kippur War between
Israel and
Syria.
1983 -
Lebanon Civil War: The
U.S. Marines barracks in
Beirut is
hit by a truck bomb, killing 241 U.S. Marines. 1983 - A
French army barracks in Lebanon is also hit that same morning, killing 58 troops.
1989 - The
Hungarian Republic is officially declared by president
Mátyás Szűrös, replacing the communist Hungarian People's Republic.
1992 - Emperor
Akihito becomes the first
Emperor of Japan to stand on
Chinese soil.
1998 -
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict:
Israeli Prime Minister
Benjamin Netanyahu and
Palestinian Chairman
Yasser Arafat reach a "
land for peace" agreement.
2001 - The
Provisional Irish Republican Army of
Northern Ireland commences disarmament after peace talks.].
2002 -
Moscow Theatre Siege begins: Chechen rebels seize the House of Culture theater in
Moscow and take approximately 700 theater-goers hostage.
2004 -
Brazil's "Operation Cajuana" launches its first rocket into space, the VSB-30, just 14 months after its space program was hit a deadly launch pad accident.2004 - A powerful
earthquake and its aftershocks hit
Niigata prefecture, northern
Japan, killing 35 people, injuring 2,200, and leaving 85,000 homeless or evacuated.
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