Events1099 -
First Crusade:
Godfrey of Bouillon elected first Defender of the
Holy Sepulchre of The
Kingdom of Jerusalem.1298 -
Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Falkirk - King
Edward I of England and his
longbowmen defeats
William Wallace and his Scottish
schiltrons outside the town.1456 -
Ottoman Wars in Europe:
Siege of Belgrade -
John Hunyadi, Regent of
Kingdom of Hungary defeats
Mehmet II of
Ottoman Empire1484 - Battle of Lochmaben Fair - A 500-man raiding party led by
Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany and
James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas defeated by Scots forces loyal to Albany's brother
James III of Scotland; Douglas captured.1499 -
Battle of Dornach - The
Swiss decisively defeat the
Imperial army of
Emperor Maximilian I. 1587 -
Colony of Roanoke: A second group of English settlers arrive on
Roanoke Island off of
North Carolina to re-establish the deserted colony. 1686 -
Albany, New York formally chartered as a municipality by Governor
Thomas Dongan1793 -
Alexander Mackenzie reaches the
Pacific Ocean becoming the first Euro-American to complete a transcontinental crossing north of
Mexico.
1796 - Surveyors of the
Connecticut Land Company name an area in
Ohio "
Cleveland" after Gen.
Moses Cleaveland, the superintendent of the surveying party.
1805 -
Napoleonic Wars:
War of the Third Coalition -
Battle of Cape Finisterre - Inconclusive naval action fought between a combined French and Spanish fleets under Admiral
Pierre-Charles Villeneuve of Spain and a British fleet under Admiral
Robert Calder.
1812 -
Napoleonic Wars:
Peninsular War -
Battle of Salamanca -
British forces led by
Arthur Wellesley (later the
Duke of Wellington) defeat
French troops near
Salamanca,
Spain.
1864 -
American Civil War:
Battle of Atlanta - Outside of
Atlanta, Georgia,
Confederate General
John Bell Hood leads an unsuccessful attack on
Union troops under General
William T. Sherman on Bald Hill.
1916 - In
San Francisco, California, a bomb explodes on Market Street during a
Preparedness Day parade killing 10 and injuring 40.
1933 -
Wiley Post becomes first person to fly solo around the world traveling 15,596 miles in 7 days, 18 hours and 45 minutes.
1934 - Outside
Chicago's Biograph Theatre, "Public Enemy No. 1"
John Dillinger is mortally wounded by
FBI agents.
1937 -
New Deal: The
United States Senate votes down President
Franklin D. Roosevelt's proposal to add more justices to the
Supreme Court of the United States.
1942 - The
United States government begins compulsory civilian
gasoline rationing due to the wartime demands. 1942 -
Holocaust: The systematic deportation of
Jews from the
Warsaw Ghetto begins.
1943 -
Allied forces capture the Italian city of
Palermo.
1944 - The
Polish Committee of National Liberation publishes its
manifesto, starting the period of
Communist rule in
Poland 1946 -
King David Hotel bombing:
Irgun bombs
King David Hotel in
Jerusalem, headquarters of the British civil and military administration, killing 90.
1962 -
Mariner program:
Mariner 1 spacecraft flies erratically several minutes after launch and has to be destroyed.
1977 -
Chinese leader
Deng Xiaoping is restored to power.
1983 -
Martial law in Poland is officially revoked.
1991 - Serial killer
Jeffrey Dahmer is arrested after the remains of 11 men and boys are found in his
Milwaukee apartment.
1992 - Near
Medellín,
Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escapes from his luxury prison fearing extradition to the
United States.
1997 - The second
Blue Water Bridge opens between
Port Huron, Michigan and
Sarnia, Ontario.1997 - Voters approved a name change for
Dade County, Florida to
Miami-Dade County.
1999 - The first version of
MSN Messenger was released by
Microsoft.
2002 - Israel assassinates
Salah Shahade, the Commander-in-Chief of
Hamas's military arm, the
Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, along with 14 civilians.2002 - A Court in
Sao Paulo sentenced
Suzane von Richthofen to 39½ years in prison for
parricide.
2003 - Members of
101st Airborne of the
United States, aided by Special Forces, attack a compound in
Iraq, killing
Saddam Hussein's sons
Uday and
Qusay, along with
Mustapha Hussein, Qusay's 14-year old son, and a bodyguard.
2005 -
Jean Charles de Menezes is killed by police as the hunt begins for the London Bombers. See
7 July 2005 London bombings and
21 July 2005 London bombings2007 -
Pádraig Harrington is the first Irishman in 60 years (also first European since
Paul Lawrie in 1999) to win the oldest of the four
major championships in men's golf,
The Open Championship, which was played this year at
Carnoustie.
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22. Juli
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