The 1st millennium
BC encompasses the
Iron Age and sees the rise of successive empires. The
Neo-Assyrian Empire, followed by the
Achaemenids. In Greece,
Classical Antiquity begins with the colonization of
Magna Graecia and peaks with the rise of
Hellenism. The close of the millennium sees the rise of the
Roman Empire. In South Asia, the
Vedic civilization blends into the
Maurya Empire. The early
Celts dominate Central Europe while Northern Europe is in the
Pre-Roman Iron Age. The
Scythians dominate Central Asia. In
China, the
Spring and Autumn Period sees the rise of
Confucianism. Towards the close of the millennium, the
Han Dynasty extends Chinese power towards Central Asia, where it borders on
Indo-Greek and
Iranian states. The
Maya civilization rises in Central America, while in Africa,
Ancient Egypt begins its decline and
Ethiopian civilization its rise. The religions of
Judaism,
Zoroastrianism,
Hinduism (
Vedic religion and
Vedanta),
Jainism and
Buddhism develop. Graeco-Roman Europe, India and China see the rise of
literature.
World population greatly increases in the course of the millennium, reaching some 170 to 400 million people at its close depending on the estimates used.
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