Events
202 BCE - The
Battle of Zama results in the defeat of
Carthage and
Hannibal.439 - The
Vandals, led by King
Gaiseric, take
Carthage in
North Africa.1216 -
King John of England dies at
Newark-on-Trent and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son
Henry.
1453 - The French recapture of
Bordeaux brings the
Hundred Years' War to a close, with the English retaining only
Calais on French soil.1466 - The
Thirteen Years' War ends with the
Second Treaty of Toruń.
Gdansk Pomerania and
Prussia as a whole are incorporated into
Poland; the
Teutonic Knights are allowed to rule its eastern part as Polish
vassals.1469 -
Ferdinand II of Aragon marries
Isabella I of Castile, a marriage that paves the way to the unification of
Aragon and
Castile into a single country,
Spain.1512 -
Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology (Doctor in Biblia).
1781 - At
Yorktown, Virginia,
British commander
Lord Cornwallis surrendered to a
Franco-
American force led by
George Washington and the
comte de Rochambeau, paving the way for the end of the
American Revolutionary War.
1789 - Chief Justice
John Jay is sworn in as the first
Chief Justice of the United States.
1812 -
Napoleon I of France retreats from
Moscow.
1813 - The
Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving
Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats.
1822 - In
Parnaíba; Simplício Dias da Silva, João Cândido de Deus e Silva and Domingos Dias declare the independent state of
Piauí.
1864 -
Battle of Cedar Creek -
Union Army under
Philip Sheridan destroys Confederate Army under
Jubal Early.1864 -
Confederate raiders launch an attack on
Saint Albans, Vermont from
Canada.
1873 -
Yale,
Princeton,
Columbia, and
Rutgers universities draft the first code of
American football rules.
1904 -
Polytechnic University of the Philippines founded as Manila Business School through the superintendence of the
American C.A. O'Reilley.
1912 -
Italy takes possession of
Tripoli,
Libya from the
Ottoman Empire.
1914 - The
First Battle of Ypres begins.
1917 -
Love Field in
Dallas, Texas is opened.
1921 - Portuguese Prime Minister
António Granjo and other politicians are murdered in a
Lisbon coup.
1933 -
Germany withdraws from the
League of Nations.
1935 - The
League of Nations places economic sanctions on
fascist Italy for its invasion of
Ethiopia.
1943 -
Streptomycin, the first
antibiotic remedy for
tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at
Rutgers University.
1944 -
United States forces land in the
Philippines.
1950 - The military of the
People's Republic of China takes control of the town of
Chamdo in eastern
Tibet.
1954 - First ascent of
Cho Oyu1960 - The
United States government places an
embargo on Communist
Cuba.
1969 - The first
Prime Minister of Tunisia in
twelve years, Bahi Ladgham, is appointed by President
Habib Bourguiba.
1973 - President
Richard Nixon rejects an Appeals Court demand to turn over the
Watergate tapes.
1974 -
Niue becomes self-govering colony of New Zealand
1976 -
Battle of Aishiya in
Lebanon. The same day, the
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) is placed on the List of Endangered Species.
1983 -
Maurice Bishop,
Prime Minister of
Grenada, is overthrown and executed in a military
coup d'état led by
Bernard Coard.
1986 -
Samora Machel, President of
Mozambique and a prominent leader of
FRELIMO, and 33 others died when their
Tupolev 134 plane crashed into the
Lebombo Mountains.
1987 - In retaliation for
Iranian attacks on ships in the
Persian Gulf, the
U.S. Navy disables three of Iran's offshore
oil platforms.
1987 - (
Black Monday)
Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%, 508 points. This is considered a
Stock Market Crash.
1989 -
Guildford Four convictions are quashed by the
Court of Appeal - they had spent 15 years in prison through a
miscarriage of justice.
1991 - 7.0
Richter Scale earthquake in Northern
Italy - 2000 dead
1998 - The
Earth Liberation Front sets fire to the Vail Mountain ski resort in
Vail, Colorado, causing $12 million in damage.
2001 -
SIEV-X, an
Indonesian fishing boat en-route to
Christmas Island, carrying over 400
asylum seekers, sank in international waters with the loss of 353 people.
2003 -
Mother Teresa is
beatified by
Pope John Paul II.
2004 -
Myanmar prime minister
Khin Nyunt is ousted and placed under house arrest by the
Thai government on charges of corruption.
2004 -
Care International aid worker
Margaret Hassan is kidnapped in
Iraq.
2005 -
Saddam Hussein goes on trial in Baghdad for
crimes against humanity.
2005 -
Hurricane Wilma becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb.
2005 - The last
Major League Baseball game is played at
Busch Memorial Stadium.
2006 - The
Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above the
12,000 mark for the first time.
2007 -
Philippines. Amidst corruption controversies hounding the Arroyo administration, a bomb explosion rocked Glorietta 2, a shopping mall in
Makati, which killed 9 and injured more than 100 people.
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19. Oktober
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